Hemodynamic is dealing with blood flow and forces concerned therein to circulate blood through the cardiovascular system. These data may useful to effective prevention and management of cardiovascular disease by considering the gender-difference. The predictors for modulating blood flow velocities were not only limited to age, but also influenced by several body compositions that largely accounted for the gender-related differences including visceral fat, muscle mass and total body fat. Carotid blood flow velocities are largely accounted for not only body height but also body weight. Body height has influenced on systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, wave reflection, pulse wave velocity in carotid artery. Gender-related differences in body size has influenced on arterial hemodynamics in carotid artery. Comparison of both synchronized carotid blood flow velocity and blood pressures at normodynamics state are introduced to contribute to targeted therapeutic goal based on gender. This chapter presents about characteristic profile of carotid flow velocities to extend the fundamental understanding of arterial hemodynamic functions in gender differences. Understanding of gender-related differences in blood flow and pressure is crucial in the prevalence and burden of cardiovascular disease. Gender influences the arterial hemodynamic functions. These findings question the use of ultrasound alone for preoperative imaging evaluation.Īngiography Carotid stenosis Internal carotid artery Ultrasonography X-ray computed tomography.A significant blood flow disruption as seen in cardiovascular diseases and disorders is related to hemodynamic dysfunction. Carotid Doppler ultrasound does not seem able to distinguish conventional stenosis from high-velocity near-occlusion.
#NORMAL CAROTID DOPPLER PEAK SYSTOLIC VELOCITY FULL#
Near-occlusions frequently have high PSV across the stenosis, particularly those without full collapse. However, no parameter was highly sensitive and specific to separate the groups. Ten Doppler parameters significantly differed between conventional stenosis and high-velocity near-occlusion groups. Of near-occlusions, 40 (74%) had high PSV (≥ 125 cm/s) across the stenosis. Of 136 patients, 82 had conventional stenosis and 54 had near-occlusion on CTA. Mean velocity, pulsatility index, and ratios were calculated, giving 12 Doppler parameters for analysis. Velocities in the internal and common carotid arteries were recorded. CTA examinations were analyzed by two blinded expert readers. Included patients had near-occlusion or conventional stenosis with carotid ultrasound and CT angiogram (CTA) performed within 30 days of each other. We aimed to determine how frequently near-occlusions have high PSV in the stenosis and determine how accurately carotid Doppler ultrasound can distinguish high-velocity near-occlusion from conventional stenosis. Near-occlusions can be classified as with or without full collapse, and may have high peak systolic velocity (PSV) across the stenosis, mimicking conventional > 50% carotid artery stenosis. 11 Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.Ĭarotid near-occlusion is a tight atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) resulting in decrease in diameter of the vessel lumen distal to the stenosis.10 Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.9 Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.8 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.7 Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.6 Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.5 Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.4 Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Neuroimaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.3 Department of Medical Imaging, Neuroradiology Division, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. 2 Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Neuroimaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 1 Department of Medical Imaging, Neuroradiology Division, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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